Did the ancients keep their killing small because they lacked ideology, or post penicillin population and technology?
First off, there were a lot fewer Homo Saps in 1500 vs 2000. Global Population was 425M as opposed to 6.2B in 1500. So there were many less people available to
KILL and run up your numbers as a Political/Religious unit. All major ideologies have a large
Kill Count over the millenia. You also could not
KILL so many people at once, the technology wasn't up to it. Really only since the Scientific Revolution have their War Machines become good enough for killing millions at a pop.
Recent high Kill Counts are mainly a result of fewer people and death dealing power, not ideology. People alive in 1500 were just as violent as those living in 2000. Absolute numbers have increased, but percentages do not seem to have changed much. According to the Bible, in times of Collapse the 4 Horsemen were empowered to do a 25% Culling of the Herd. All 4 Horsemen are riding now. I can hear their hoofbeats.
Revelation 6
King James Version
6 And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard, as it were the noise of thunder, one of the four beasts saying, Come and see.
2 And I saw, and behold a white horse: and he that sat on him had a bow; and a crown was given unto him: and he went forth conquering, and to conquer.
3 And when he had opened the second seal, I heard the second beast say, Come and see.
4 And there went out another horse that was red: and power was given to him that sat thereon to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another: and there was given unto him a great sword.
5 And when he had opened the third seal, I heard the third beast say, Come and see. And I beheld, and lo a black horse; and he that sat on him had a pair of balances in his hand.
6 And I heard a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of barley for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine.
7 And when he had opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth beast say, Come and see.
8 And I looked, and behold a pale horse: and his name that sat on him was Death, and Hell followed with him. And power was given unto them over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with sword, and with hunger, and with death, and with the beasts of the earth.

RE